Oral and maxillofacial pathology is the specialty of dentistry and discipline of pathology that deals with the nature, identification, and management of disease...

 

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Here are some tips for good dental care:

Brush and floss

Brush your teeth at least twice a day for two minutes, using a soft-bristled brush and fluoride toothpaste. Floss once a day to remove plaque and food that brushing can't reach. 

Visit the dentist

See your dentist at least once a year for a checkup and cleaning. Your dentist can check for cavities, oral health problems, and cancer. 

Eat a healthy diet

Eat a well-balanced diet with lots of fiber-rich fruits and vegetables, and dairy products without added sugar. Avoid sugary foods and drinks, which can increase your risk of cavities. 

Drink water

Drink fluoridated tap water or unsweetened tea throughout the day. 

Don't smoke

Smoking can increase your risk of teeth and gum problems. 

Protect your mouth

Wear a mouthguard when participating in contact sports or high-risk activities. 

Replace your toothbrush

Replace your toothbrush every 3 to 4 months, or sooner if the bristles are worn or flare out. 

Take care of your appliances

If you have dentures, retainers, or other appliances, keep them clean by brushing them regularly and soaking them in a cleansing solution. 

Get enough calcium and vitamin D

Calcium is important for strong teeth, and you can get it from dairy products and nuts. Your body needs vitamin D to absorb calcium, so get enough sunlight every day. 

Dental care or dentalcare is the maintenance of healthy teeth and may refer to:

Oral hygiene, the practice of keeping the mouth and teeth clean in order to prevent dental disorders

Dentistry, the professional care of teeth, including professional oral hygiene and dental surgery

Oral surgery, any of a number of medical procedures that involve artificially modifying dentition; in other words, surgery of the teeth and jaw bones

"Dental Care", a 2009 song by Owl City on the album Ocean Eyes

Oral hygiene:

Oral hygiene is practice of keeping one's oral cavity clean and free of disease and other problems (e.g. bad breath) by regular brushing of the teeth (dental hygiene) and adopting good hygiene habits. It is important that oral hygiene be carried out on a regular basis to enable prevention of dental disease and bad breath. The most common types of dental disease are tooth decay (cavities, dental caries) and gum diseases, including gingivitis, and periodontitis.

General guidelines for adults suggest brushing at least twice a day with a fluoridated toothpaste: brushing before going to sleep at night and after breakfast in the morning. Cleaning between the teeth is called interdental cleaning and is as important as tooth brushing.  This is because a toothbrush cannot reach between the teeth and therefore only removes about 50% of plaque from the surface of the teeth. There are many tools available for interdental cleaning which include floss, tape and interdental brushes; it is up to each individual to choose which tool they prefer to use.

Sometimes white or straight teeth are associated with oral hygiene. However, a hygienic mouth can have stained teeth or crooked teeth. To improve the appearance of their teeth, people may use tooth whitening treatments and orthodontics.

The importance of the role of the oral microbiome in dental health has been increasingly recognized.  Data from human oral microbiology research shows that a commensal microflora can switch to an opportunistic pathogenic flora through complex changes in their environment. These changes are driven by the host rather than the bacteria. Archeological evidence of calcified dental plaque shows marked shifts in the oral microbiome towards a disease-associated microbiome with cariogenic bacteria becoming dominant during the Industrial Revolution. Streptococcus mutans is the most important bacteria in causing caries. Modern oral microbiota are significantly less diverse than historic populations.  Caries (cavities), for example, have become a major endemic disease, affecting 60-90% of schoolchildren in industrialized countries. In contrast, dental caries and periodontal diseases were rare in pre-Neolithic and early hominins.

Dentistry:

Dentistry, also known as dental medicine and oral medicine, is the branch of medicine focused on the teeth, gums, and mouth. It consists of the study, diagnosis, prevention, management, and treatment of diseases, disorders, and conditions of the mouth, most commonly focused on dentition (the development and arrangement of teeth) as well as the oral mucosa. Dentistry may also encompass other aspects of the craniofacial complex including the temporomandibular joint. The practitioner is called a dentist.

Dental treatments are carried out by a dental team, which often consists of a dentist and dental auxiliaries (such as dental assistants, dental hygienists, dental technicians, and dental therapists). Most dentists either work in private practices (primary care), dental hospitals, or (secondary care) institutions (prisons, armed forces bases, etc.).

Oral and maxillofacial surgery :

Oral and maxillofacial surgery is a surgical specialty focusing on reconstructive surgery of the face, facial trauma surgery, the mouth, head and neck, and jaws, as well as facial plastic surgery including cleft lip and cleft palate surgery.

In the United States and globally, treatments may be performed on the craniomaxillofacial complex: mouth, jaws, face, neck, and skull, and include:

Cosmetic surgery of the head and neck: (rhytidectomy/facelift, browlift, blepharoplasty/Asian blepharoplasty, otoplasty, rhinoplasty, septoplasty, cheek augmentation, chin augmentation, genioplasty, oculoplastics, neck liposuction, hair transplantation, lip enhancement, injectable cosmetic treatments like botox, fillers, platelet rich plasma, stem cells, chemical peel, mesotherapy.

Orthognathic surgery, surgical treatment/correction of dentofacial deformity as well as management of facial trauma, and sleep apnea

Oncology head and neck surgery with free flap microvascular reconstruction

Cutanous malignancy/skin cancer surgery of head and neck surgery skin grafts and local flaps

Diagnosis and treatment of:

Benign pathology (cysts, tumors etc.)

malignant pathology (oral & head and neck cancer) with (ablative and reconstructive surgery, microsurgery)

Cutaneous malignancy (skin cancer), lip reconstruction

Congenital craniofacial malformations such as cleft lip and palate and cranial vault malformations such as craniosynostosis, (craniofacial surgery)

Chronic facial pain disorders

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders

Orthognathic (literally "straight jaw") reconstructive surgery, orthognathic surgery, maxillomandibular advancement, surgical correction of facial asymmetry.

soft and hard tissue trauma of the oral and maxillofacial region (jaw fractures, cheek bone fractures, nasal fractures, LeFort fracture, skull fractures and eye socket fractures).

Dentoalveolar surgery (surgery to remove impacted teeth, difficult tooth extractions, extractions on medically compromised patients, bone grafting or preprosthetic surgery to provide better anatomy for the placement of implants, dentures, or other dental prostheses)

Surgery to insert osseointegrated (bone fused) dental implants and maxillofacial implants for attaching craniofacial prostheses and bone anchored hearing aids.