A desalination plant now operates in Sydney and the Wornthaggi desalination plant was under construction in Wonthaggi, Victoria.

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Plants

Trade Arabia claims Saudi Arabia to be producing 7.9 million cubic meters of desalinated water daily, or 22% of world total as of 2021 yearend 14

The Perth Perth began operating a reverse osmosis seawater desalination plant in 2006. desalination plant is powered partially by renewable energy from the Emu Downs Wind Farm, 147

A desalination plant now operates in Sydney and the Wornthaggi desalination plant was under construction in Wonthaggi, Victoria. A wind farm at Dungendore in New South Wales was purpose built to generate enough renewable energy to offset the Sydney plant's energy use mitigating concems about harmful greenhouse gas emissions.

A January 17, 2008, article in The Wall Street Journal stated, "In November, Connecticut-based Poseidon Resources Corp. won a key regulatory approval to build the $300 million water-desalination plant in Carisbad, north of San Diego. The facility would produce 190,000 cubic metres of drinking water per day, enough to supply about 100,000 homes, As of June 2012. the cost for the desalinated water had risen to $2,329 per acre-foot, Each $1,000 per acre works out to $3.06 for 1,000 gallons, or 50.81 per cubic meter.

As new technological innovations continue to reduce the capital cost of desalination, more countries are building desalination plants as a small element in addressing their water scarcity problema

Israel desalinizes water for a cost of 53 cents per cubic meter

Singapore desalinizes water for 49 cents per cubic meter and also treats sewage with reverse osmosis for industrial and potable use (NEWater).

China and India, the world's two most populous countries, are turning to desalination to provide a small part of their water needs

In 2007 Pakistan announced plans to use desalination

All Australian capital cities (except Canberra, Darwin, Northern Tenitory and Hobart) are either in the process of building desalination plants, or are already using them, in late 2011, Melbourne will begin using Australia's largest desalination plant, the Wonthaggi desalination plant to raise low. reservoir levels.

In 2007 Bermuda signed a contract to purchase a desalination plant

Before 2015, the largest desalination plant in the United States was at Tampa Bay, Florida, which began desalinizing 25 million gallons (95000 m³) of water per day in December 2007 in the United States, the cost of desalination is $3.06 for 1,000 gallons, or 81 cents per cubic meter. In the United States, California, Arizona, Texas, and Florida use desalination for a very small part of their water supply Since 2015, the Claude "llud Lewis Cartsbad Desalination Plant has been producing 50 million gallons of drinking water daily

After being desalinized at Jubail, Saudi Arabia, water is pumped 200 miles (320 km) inland though a pipeline to the capital city of Riyadh.

As of 2008, "World-wide, 13,080 desalination plants produce more than 12 billion gallons of water a day, according to the international Desalination Association, An estimate in 2009 found that the worldwide desalinated water supply will triple between 2008 and 2020,

One of the world's largest desalination hubs is the Jebel Ali Power Generation and Water Production Complex in the United Arab Emirates. It is a site featuring multiple plants using different desalination technologies and is capable of producing 2.2 million cubic meters of water per day

A typical aircraft carrier in the US military uses nuclear power to desalinize 400,000 US gallons (1,500,000 L) of water per day

In nature

Mangrove leaf with soft crystal

Evaporation of water over the oceans in the water cycle is a natural desalination process.

The formation of sea ice produces ice with little salt, much lower than in seawater.

Seabirds distill seawater using countercurrent exchange in a gland with a rete mirabile. The gland secretes highly concentrated brine stored near the nostrils above the beak. The bird then "sneezes" the brine out. As freshwater is not usually available in their environments, some seabirds, such as pelicans, petrels, albatrosses, gulls and terna, possess this gland, which allows them to drink the salty water from their environments while they are far from land)

Mangrove frees grow in seawater, they secrete salt by trapping it in parts of the root, which are then eaten by animals (usually crabs). Additional salt is removed by storing it in leaves that fall off. Some types of mangroves have glands on their leaves, which work in a similar way to the seabird desalination gland. Salt is extracted to the leaf exterior as small crystals, which then fall off the leaf.

Willow trees and reeds absorb salt and other contaminants, effectively desalinating the water. This is used in artificial constructed wetlands, for treating sewage .

Society and culture

Despite the issues associated with desalination processes, public support for its development can be very high One survey of a Southern California community saw 71.9% of all respondents being in support of desalination plant development in their community. In many cases, high freshwater scarcity corresponds to higher public support for desalination development whereas areas with low water scarcity tend to have less public support for its development, 20

See also

Metal organic framework

Pumpable ice technology

Atmospheric water generator

Soil desalination model

Dewvaporation

Soil salinity

Flexible barge

Soil salinity and groundwater model

26

Peak water

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