Hygiene refers to the practices and conditions that promote good health and prevent the spread of disease by maintaining cleanliness of the body and surroundings.
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Health and hygiene are essential aspects of human life that contribute to overall well-being. Good habits and clean surroundings help prevent many diseases, support physical and mental growth, and lead to a better quality of life. In this topic, you will explore the primary keyword—health and hygiene—its importance, basic concepts, and effective practices to maintain good health.
What is Health and Hygiene?
Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being—not just the absence of disease. Hygiene refers to practices and conditions .
Hygiene has always been a necessary part of life on Earth. One may wonder how animals and ancient people maintained hygiene before the invention of soap and running water. Evolution has a lot to do with this. Animals that displayed hygienic habits (i.e., avoiding parasites and germs) were more likely to survive and create offspring. It has even been hypothesized that disgust evolved in humans to aid in hygiene. Humans can recognize foul smells, such as feces and rotting food, and avoid coming into contact with them. Most humans have an aversion to insects as well. The presence of insects, such as flies, can indicate an environment is unhygienic and should be avoide.
There is evidence of human hygiene habits dating all the way back to the Neanderthals. The archaic human subspecies used seashells as tweezers to remove facial hair, most likely to combat parasites. Cave paintings of prehistoric beardless men support this. Ancient hygienic tools such as combs have been discovered by archaeologists dating all the way back to 3200 BC, and toilet and drainage structures have been dated to 3000 BC.
To maintain good hygiene, it is essential to follow the practices outlined above. For handwashing, hands (including under the nails) must be scrubbed with soap and warm water for at least 20 seconds to kill harmful bacteria. Hand sanitizer containing at least 60% alcohol is another option if soap and water aren't available and the hands aren't visibly soiled. Some key times to wash hands include:
After using the restroom
Before and after handling food
Before eating
Before and after treating a wound
Before and after caring for someone who is sick
After nose blowing, coughing, or sneezing
After touching an animal, their food, or their waste
After touching garbage
Hygiene, or the practices followed to maintain the cleanliness of the body and environment, is crucial for reducing the transmission of disease. Hygienic habits are thought to come from evolution, where animals that practiced hygiene tended to survive. Modern science and technology have greatly improved the understanding of hygiene and disease transmission, but humans have developed an inherent aversion to things that may contain disease, such as foul odors from rotting food. The most important aspect of personal hygiene, or the habits one practices to maintain cleanliness, is handwashing, which, if done effectively, can severely reduce the spread of contagious illnesses. Some other important subcategories of hygiene include personal care hygiene, oral hygiene, respiratory hygiene, and home hygiene. Adhering to hygienic practices improves quality of life and reduces .
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